AF is diagnosed by a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), typically when a lack of P-waves, high-frequency fibrillation waves at rates of 350–600/min, and an irregular ventricular response (absolute arrhythmia) are observed
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Demonstrated benefit of these therapies has led to parallel growth of practice guidelines and performance
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in adults []
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N Engl J Med
Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) are 2 burdensome chronic cardiac diseases with an increasing prevalence as the average life expectancy increases
It is also used for atrial fibrillation to reduce the ventricular rate
Beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, and digoxin Current monitoring guidelines in the web-based practice resource UpToDate states that “Monitoring the serum digoxin concentration is most important when digoxin is used in the treatment of heart failure with systolic dysfunction, whereas levels are only checked when used in patients with atrial fibrillation if toxicity is suspected
For most patients, the benefit from anticoagulation outweighs the associated increase in the risk of bleeding
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Due to its profound pro-arrhythmic effects and lack of compelling data regarding morbidity and mortality benefits
25mg PO or IV QD Antithrombotic therapy for atrial fibrillation: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia, affecting more than 33·5 million individuals worldwide